Badland Morphology and Evolution: Interpretation Using a Simulation Model

A drainage basin simulation model is used to interpret the morphometry and historical evolution of Mancos Shale badlands in Utah. High relief slopes in these badlands feature narrow divides and linear profiles due to threshold mass-wasting. Threshold slopes become longer in proportion to erosion rate, implying lower drainage density and higher relief. By contrast, in slowly eroding areas of low relief, both model results and observations indicate that drainage density increases with relief, suggesting control by critical shear stress. Field relationships and simulation modelling indicate that the badlands have resulted from rapid downcutting of the master drainage below an Early Wisconsin terrace to the present river level, followed by base level stability. As a result, Early Wisconsin alluvial surfaces on the shale have been dissected up to 62m into steep badlands, and a Holocene alluvial surface is gradually replacing the badland slopes which are eroding by parallel retreat.  1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Earth surf. processes landf., 22, 211–227 (1997) No. of figures: 11 No. of tables: 0 No. of refs: 35